5F-NPB22 (5F-MDMB-PB-22) is a synthetic cannabinoid
Belonging to the indole-3-carboxamide family, closely related to compounds like PB-22 and 5F-PB-22. These compounds are designed to mimic the effects of THC, the active ingredient in cannabis, but are often much more potent and associated with severe adverse effects. Originally synthesized for receptor binding research, 5F-NPB22 has become a notable entry in forensic toxicology due to its appearance in herbal smoking blends and research chemical markets.
Chemical Identity and Structure
IUPAC Name: naphthalen-1-yl 1-[(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indole-3-carbonyl]valinate
Common Name: 5F-NPB22 / 5F-MDMB-PB-22
Chemical Class: Synthetic cannabinoid (indole carboxamides)
Molecular Formula: C₂₅H₂₉FN₂O₃
Molecular Weight: 424.51 g/mol
CAS Number: 1400742-17-7
Physical Form: White or off-white crystalline powder
Structurally, it features a fluorinated alkyl chain, a valinate methyl ester, and a naphthyl substituent, making it highly lipophilic and rapidly absorbed in the body when inhaled or ingested.
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action
5F-NPB22 acts as a full agonist at CB₁ and CB₂ cannabinoid receptors, unlike THC, which is a partial agonist. This means it binds more strongly and produces more intense effects, often overwhelming the body’s natural endocannabinoid system.
Common effects include:
Euphoria or sedation
Altered perception of time and space
Decreased short-term memory
Elevated heart rate and blood pressure
Anxiety or paranoia (in higher doses)
Its high potency means even small doses (under 1 mg) may lead to serious toxicity or overdose.
Toxicological Risks and Adverse Effects
Use of 5F-NPB22 has been linked to numerous toxic reactions, including hospitalizations and fatalities, especially when smoked in herbal mixtures without knowledge of its presence.
Reported risks include:
Severe agitation or psychosis
Seizures
Acute kidney injury
Respiratory depression
Unconsciousness or coma
Sudden cardiac arrest
In many cases, effects appear rapidly and are unpredictable, even at seemingly low doses. Because of its full agonist activity, the margin between a psychoactive dose and a toxic dose is very narrow.
Legal Status
The global legal framework has increasingly moved to prohibit or regulate 5F-NPB22 and related synthetic cannabinoids:
United States: Treated as a Schedule I analogue of PB-22
United Kingdom: Controlled as a Class B substance
European Union: Most member states have enacted emergency controls or bans
Japan, China, Canada, Australia: Strict bans due to public health risk
Law enforcement and customs agencies have heightened surveillance for this compound in both powdered form and pre-rolled herbal products.
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