4F-MPH (4-fluoromethylphenidate)

Is a synthetic stimulant and a structural analogue of methylphenidate (Ritalin®), modified by the addition of a para-fluorine atom on the phenyl ring. Initially synthesized for pharmacological research into dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition, 4F-MPH has emerged as a novel psychoactive substance (NPS) in unregulated markets. Its enhanced lipophilicity and altered receptor affinity distinguish it from its parent compound, leading to potentially stronger and less predictable effects.

Chemical Identity and Structure

IUPAC Name: methyl 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(piperidin-2-yl)acetate
Common Name: 4F-MPH, 4-fluoromethylphenidate Chemical Class: Piperidine-based stimulant (methylphenidate analogue) Molecular Formula: C₁₄H₁₆FNO₂ Molecular Weight: 253.28 g/mol CAS Number: Not widely registered; emerging in forensic databases Physical Form: White to off-white crystalline powder The para-fluoro substitution on the phenyl ring increases the compound’s ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and may alter its binding kinetics at monoamine transporters.
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action

4F-MPH acts primarily as a dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibitor, similar to methylphenidate, but with potentially higher potency:
DAT inhibition: Raises extracellular dopamine in reward pathways, producing euphoria and reinforcement NET inhibition: Elevates norepinephrine levels, increasing alertness and cardiovascular stimulation Reported subjective effects include: Heightened focus and concentration Increased energy and wakefulness Mild euphoria and enhanced motivation Appetite suppression Due to its unknown pharmacokinetics, onset and duration can vary widely, with some reports indicating a faster onset and shorter duration compared to methylphenidate.
Toxicity and Adverse Effects

As an unregulated research chemical, 4F-MPH carries significant risks: Cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations Neurological: anxiety, restlessness, tremors, insomnia Psychiatric: agitation, paranoia, potential for psychosis at high doses Dependence: risk of compulsive redosing and withdrawal symptoms (fatigue, depression) Overdose may lead to chest pain, arrhythmias, seizures, or acute psychotic episodes. Long-term safety data are nonexistent.

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