5F-ADB (5-fluoro-ADB; also known as 5F-MDMB-PINACA)
Is an exceptionally potent synthetic cannabinoid initially developed for pharmacological research into cannabinoid receptor activation. It rapidly entered the illicit market as a component in “herbal incense” products, where its extreme potency has been linked to numerous hospitalizations and fatalities. As a full agonist at CB₁ receptors, 5F-ADB presents a significant challenge to forensic toxicologists and public health authorities.
Chemical Identity and Structure
IUPAC Name: methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate
Common Names: 5F-ADB, 5F-MDMB-PINACA
Chemical Class: Indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid
Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₂₆FN₃O₃
Molecular Weight: 375.43 g/mol
Physical Form: Fine white to off-white crystalline powder
CAS Number: 1791551-37-8
Structurally, 5F-ADB features a fluorinated pentyl chain on an indazole core, coupled to a dimethylbutanoate ester, conferring high lipophilicity and strong receptor affinity.
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action
5F-ADB acts as a full agonist at CB₁ and CB₂ cannabinoid receptors, with sub-nanomolar binding affinity at CB₁, vastly exceeding that of Δ9-THC. Key characteristics include:
Rapid onset: Effects felt within minutes when inhaled or vaporized
High potency: Effective doses in the microgram range
Duration: 2–4 hours, with peak psychoactivity in the first hour
Activation of CB₁ receptors by 5F-ADB produces profound psychoactive effects such as intense euphoria, altered perception, and sedation. Its full agonism leads to physiological responses that are both stronger and less predictable than those of natural cannabinoids.
Toxicity and Adverse Effects
Due to its high potency and full agonist profile, 5F-ADB is associated with severe adverse events, including:
Neurological: seizures, agitation, tremors, acute psychosis
Cardiovascular: tachycardia, hypertension, chest pain
Respiratory: depressed breathing, potential respiratory arrest
Renal & Hepatic: acute kidney injury, liver enzyme elevation
Fatalities: multiple overdose deaths reported worldwide
Even minute dosing errors can precipitate life-threatening toxicity. Emergency treatment often requires repeated high-dose naloxone (for respiratory support) and intensive supportive care.
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