Dibutylone (also known by its research name bk-DMBDB)
Is a synthetic cathinone and substituted phenethylamine compound, structurally related to butylone and methylone—both of which are known “second-generation” derivatives of MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine). These compounds are part of a group colloquially referred to as “bath salts”, often sold in powdered or crystalline form for recreational stimulant use under misleading labels.
Chemical Identity
IUPAC Name: 1-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(dimethylamino)butan-1-one
Common Names: bk-DMBDB, Dibutylone
Molecular Formula: C₁₃H₁₇NO₃
Molecular Weight: 235.28 g/mol
Compound Class: Synthetic cathinone, stimulant
Form: Crystalline solid, usually white or off-white
Dibutylone is classified as a β-keto analog of MDMA, meaning it retains the core psychoactive structure but incorporates a ketone group at the beta position, altering its pharmacokinetics and effects.
Toxicity and Adverse Effects
Dibutylone use—particularly in uncontrolled, high doses or adulterated street forms—has been linked to serious toxicological outcomes, such as:
Tachycardia, hypertension
Hyperthermia (elevated body temperature)
Agitation, paranoia, anxiety
Seizures
Kidney failure or liver damage
Serotonin syndrome (in cases of co-use with serotonergic drugs)
Overdose or prolonged use may also result in cardiac arrest, hallucinations, or psychotic episodes. There are no approved medical uses or therapeutic dosages for Dibutylone.
Detection and Analysis
Forensic detection of Dibutylone in biological or seized samples involves:
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
These techniques are used in clinical toxicology, postmortem analysis, and drug enforcement settings.
Dibutylone is often found in multi-drug mixtures, increasing the complexity of its identification and toxic risk.
Legal Status and Regulation
As of recent years, Dibutylone has been classified as a controlled substance in many countries due to its structural similarity to other scheduled synthetic cathinones.
United States: Schedule I (DEA, Controlled Substances Act)
United Kingdom: Class B (Misuse of Drugs Act)
EU and Canada: Controlled under analog laws or specific synthetic drug bans
Australia and New Zealand: Banned under synthetic cathinone schedules
Its manufacture, sale, or possession without appropriate authorization is illegal in most jurisdictions.
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