4-MPD (4-Methylphendiylidene),
commonly referred to as 4-MPD Crystal, is a synthetic stimulant in the piperidine-arylalkylamine family. As an analogue of traditional psychostimulants, 4-MPD has surfaced in the novel psychoactive substance (NPS) market, marketed under descriptors like “research chemical” or “designer stimulant.” Its unique structural modification—a para-methyl substitution on the phenyl ring—distinguishes 4-MPD from closely related compounds, potentially altering its potency, onset, and duration of action.
Chemical Identity and Structure
IUPAC Name: 1-(4-methylphenyl)-2-(methylamino)propan-1-oneCommon Name: 4-MPD, 4-MethylphendiylideneChemical Class: Arylalkylamine stimulantMolecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₃NOMolecular Weight: 163.22 g/molPhysical Form: Transparent to white crystalline solidThe para-methyl group on the aromatic ring increases lipophilicity relative to the unsubstituted analogue, which may enhance central nervous system penetration and impact its interactions with monoamine transporters.
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action
4-MPD is presumed to act as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI), similar to other cathinone-like stimulants:Dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibition: Elevates synaptic dopamine, producing euphoric and reinforcing effectsNorepinephrine transporter (NET) inhibition: Increases peripheral sympathetic tone, driving alertness, cardiovascular stimulation, and focused attentionUsers report a rapid onset (minutes when vaporized or insufflated) followed by elevated mood, increased energy, and heightened sociability. The para-methyl substituent may prolong duration of action compared to unsubstituted analogues.
Toxicity and Adverse Effects
Because 4-MPD remains largely unstudied in formal pharmacology, its safety profile and dose thresholds are poorly characterized. Reported adverse effects mirror those of potent stimulants:Cardiovascular: Tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, chest discomfortNeurological: Anxiety, agitation, tremors, insomnia, seizures at high dosesPsychiatric: Paranoia, hallucinations, compulsive redosing (“binge” patterns)Physical: Dehydration, hyperthermia, bruxismOverdose can result in serotonin syndrome–like features when combined with other stimulants or serotonergic drugs, although 4-MPD primarily targets dopamine and norepinephrine.
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