AB-FUBINACA (2-Fluorobenzyl isomer)
Is a synthetic cannabinoid derivative and a structural analogue of the original AB-FUBINACA, differing specifically in the position of the fluorine atom on the benzyl group (2-position instead of 4-position). While subtle in structure, this positional isomer may have distinct binding affinities, metabolic pathways, and toxicity profiles, complicating its legal control and detection.
Chemical Identity and Structure
IUPAC Name: N-(1-amino-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
Common Name: AB-FUBINACA (2-Fluoro isomer)
Chemical Class: Indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid
Molecular Formula: C₂₀H₂₁FN₄O₂
Molecular Weight: ~368.41 g/mol
Physical Appearance: White/off-white powder or liquid (depending on formulation)
This compound differs from standard AB-FUBINACA by a fluorine atom at the ortho (2-) position of the benzyl ring, which can influence binding geometry and metabolic resistance.
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action
Like its parent compound, the 2-fluorobenzyl isomer is presumed to be a full agonist at cannabinoid receptors:
CB₁ Receptor (central nervous system): Strong psychoactive effects; sedation, altered perception
CB₂ Receptor (peripheral immune system): Lesser-understood role, possibly immunomodulatory
Due to its structural similarity to AB-FUBINACA, it likely exhibits nanomolar or sub-nanomolar Ki affinity, making it extremely potent — far exceeding THC in binding strength and efficacy.
Toxicity and Adverse Effects
Although direct toxicity data on the 2-fluoro isomer is limited, effects are assumed to mirror or exceed those of the original AB-FUBINACA:
Neurological: Confusion, agitation, tremors, convulsions
Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, hypotension, arrhythmias
Psychiatric: Panic, paranoia, psychosis, hallucinations
Physical: Vomiting, unconsciousness, muscle rigidity
Fatal risk: Potentially lethal at microgram-level doses due to full CB₁ receptor activation
The isomer variation may also lead to unpredictable metabolic byproducts, some of which might be more neurotoxic or persistent.
Legal Status and Control
This positional isomer often exists in a grey legal zone, especially in countries with specific naming conventions. However:
United States: Likely prosecutable under the Federal Analogue Act
European Union: Controlled under general synthetic cannabinoid legislation
Australia, Canada, UK: Typically banned under umbrella cannabinoid scheduling
UNODC: May fall under temporary or recommended control depending on jurisdiction
Its minor structural change is often intended to circumvent existing legal restrictions, but forensic labs and lawmakers are updating schedules to include such variants.
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