A-PPP (α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone)
Is a synthetic stimulant belonging to the pyrrolidinophenone class of cathinones. Structurally similar to α-PVP and MDPV, A-PPP has gained attention as a novel psychoactive substance (NPS) and is typically encountered as a white crystalline powder in the designer drug market.
Chemical Identity and Structure
IUPAC Name: 1-Phenyl-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)propan-1-one
Common Name: A-PPP
Synonyms: α-PPP, alpha-PPP, alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone
Molecular Formula: C₁₃H₁₇NO
Molecular Weight: 203.28 g/mol
Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
Chemical Class: Synthetic cathinone, β-keto amphetamine derivative
Structural Notes:
A-PPP contains a pyrrolidine ring, which is known to enhance central nervous system stimulation and increase lipid solubility, aiding in blood–brain barrier penetration.
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action
A-PPP is believed to function as a dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI), though precise pharmacological data is limited.
Key Effects:
Increased dopamine: Euphoria, energy, compulsive behavior
Increased norepinephrine: Alertness, agitation, cardiovascular stimulation
Mild serotonergic activity: (likely weak compared to dopamine/norepinephrine)
A-PPP’s stimulant effects are short-acting, with onset occurring within 15–30 minutes (especially if insufflated or smoked) and lasting a few hours.
Toxicity and Adverse Effects
Although specific human studies on A-PPP are limited, its structure suggests a risk profile similar to α-PVP and MDPV, both of which are known for high abuse potential and neurotoxicity.
Potential Adverse Effects:
Neurological: Insomnia, paranoia, tremors, seizures
Cardiovascular: Elevated heart rate, hypertension, palpitations
Psychiatric: Hallucinations, aggression, compulsive redosing
Physical: Hyperthermia, dehydration, jaw clenching
High doses or frequent use may lead to psychosis, addiction, or fatal overdose, particularly when mixed with other substances.
Analytical Detection
Standard drug tests may not detect A-PPP. Specialized forensic methods include:
GC-MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry)
LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography–Tandem MS)
FTIR and NMR Spectroscopy for structural confirmation
Due to constant emergence of cathinone analogues, toxicology labs must regularly update detection libraries.
Legal Status
A-PPP may not always be explicitly scheduled but is often controlled under analogue laws or blanket bans on cathinones.
United States: Likely controlled as a cathinone analogue (under the Federal Analogue Act)
EU & UK: Covered by psychoactive substance regulations
Canada & Australia: May be restricted under controlled drug analogues
Asia (e.g., China, Japan): Banned under generic stimulant laws
Despite regulations, it remains available online or in underground markets, often labeled as a “research chemical”.
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