5F-PCN (5-fluoro-3-(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyridine-2-carbonitrile)
Is a potent synthetic cannabinoid belonging to the indole-3-carbonitrile family. Developed initially for in vitro receptor binding studies, 5F-PCN has subsequently emerged in illicit herbal smoking blends and research chemical markets. Its structural design aims to mimic Δ9-THC’s interaction with cannabinoid receptors, but with markedly greater potency and unpredictable pharmacological effects.
Chemical Identity and Structure
IUPAC Name: 5-fluoro-3-(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)pyridine-2-carbonitrileCommon Name: 5F-PCNChemical Class: Indole-3-carbonitrile synthetic cannabinoidMolecular Formula: C₁₉H₁₈FN₃Molecular Weight: 307.36 g/molPhysical Form: Fine white to off-white crystalline powder5F-PCN features a fluorinated pentyl side chain attached to an indole core, further linked to a pyridine ring bearing a nitrile group. This arrangement confers high lipophilicity and a strong affinity for cannabinoid receptors.Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action
5F-PCN functions as a full agonist at both CB₁ and CB₂ receptors:Receptor Affinity: Sub-nanomolar Ki values at CB₁, indicating extremely high potencyOnset: Rapid, often within minutes of inhalation or oral ingestionDuration: Short to moderate (2–4 hours), with peak effects in the first hourBy fully activating CB₁ receptors in the central nervous system, 5F-PCN produces:Profound euphoria and dissociationAltered sensory perception and time distortionSedation or catalepsy at higher dosesCognitive impairment and memory disruption
Toxicology and Adverse Effects
Due to its full agonist activity and high potency, 5F-PCN carries significant risk:Neurological: agitation, anxiety, paranoia, hallucinations, seizuresCardiovascular: tachycardia, hypertension, chest painRespiratory: depressed breathing in overdose situationsPsychiatric: acute psychosis, confusion, suicidal ideationThe narrow margin between an active and toxic dose often leads to unintentional overdoses, especially when inhaled in herbal mixes with variable compound concentrations.
Analytical Detection and Forensic Relevance
5F-PCN is not detected by standard cannabinoid immunoassays and requires specialized techniques:LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry) for quantitation in blood or urineGC-MS (Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry) for identification in seized powders or vaporizer residuesHigh-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) to distinguish 5F-PCN from close analoguesForensic laboratories must update reference libraries periodically to capture this evolving class of indole-carbonitrile cannabinoids.
Legal Status and Regulatory Control
In response to its emergence, many jurisdictions have moved to restrict 5F-PCN:United States: Treated as a Schedule I analogue under the Federal Analogue ActUnited Kingdom: Controlled under the Psychoactive Substances Act (PSA)European Union: Subject to national emergency scheduling as a new psychoactive substanceAustralia, Canada, Japan: Banned under analogue or blanket synthetic cannabinoid legislationPossession, manufacture, or distribution without explicit research licenses is a criminal offense in most regions.
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