4C-PVP (4-chloromethyl­phenyl­pyrrolidinovalerophenone)

Is a synthetic cathinone belonging to the pyrrolidinophenone class of designer stimulants. Emerging as a novel psychoactive substance (NPS), 4C-PVP has been encountered in clandestine markets labeled as “research chemical” or “bath salts.” Its chemical modifications—namely a para-chlorine atom on the phenyl ring and a valerophenone backbone—are intended to tweak its potency, duration, and lipophilicity compared with parent compounds like α-PVP.

Chemical Identity and Structure

IUPAC Name: 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-ylpentan-1-one
Common Name: 4C-PVP Chemical Class: Synthetic cathinone / pyrrolidinophenone derivative Molecular Formula: C₁₆H₂₂ClNO Molecular Weight: 277.80 g/mol CAS Number: Emerging; not universally registered Physical Form: Off-white to pale yellow crystalline solid or powder The para-chloro substituent increases 4C-PVP’s lipid solubility relative to the non-substituted analogue, potentially enhancing blood–brain barrier penetration and modifying its interaction with monoamine transporters.
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action

4C-PVP is believed to act primarily as a dopamine–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI):
Dopamine transporter (DAT) blockade: Elevates synaptic dopamine, driving euphoria, reinforcement, and psychomotor stimulation Norepinephrine transporter (NET) blockade: Increases peripheral sympathetic tone, causing tachycardia, hypertension, and alertness Subjective effects reported by users include heightened energy, focus, sociability, and appetite suppression, often followed by a pronounced “crash”—characterized by fatigue, depression, and anxiety.
Toxicity and Adverse Effects

Due to its narrow therapeutic index and lack of clinical data, 4C-PVP carries significant risks:
Cardiovascular: chest pain, arrhythmias, hypertension Neurological: tremors, agitation, seizures in severe overdoses Psychiatric: panic attacks, paranoia, compulsive redosing (“binge” behavior) Physical: dehydration, hyperthermia, bruxism (jaw clenching) Repeated or high-dose use can lead to dopaminergic neurotoxicity, acute renal stress from rhabdomyolysis, and psychotic episodes. Fatalities have been reported when 4C-PVP was co-ingested with other stimulants or adulterants.
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