ADB-FUBINACA is a synthetic cannabinoid,
structurally derived from indazole-3-carboxamides. Originally developed by Pfizer for potential therapeutic use in pain management, ADB-FUBINACA was never approved for medical use. It later appeared on the illicit drug market as a highly potent component in synthetic cannabis products like “Spice” or “K2.” It is considered one of the most powerful and dangerous synthetic cannabinoids ever detected in recreational drug supplies.
Chemical Identity
IUPAC Name: N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide
Common Names: ADB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUB
Molecular Formula: C₂₁H₂₃FN₄O₂
Molecular Weight: 382.43 g/mol
Chemical Class: Indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid
Physical Form: White or off-white crystalline powder
CAS Number: 1185282-01-2
Structurally, it belongs to the family of indazole-3-carboxamides with a fluorobenzyl substitution and a dimethylbutanamide group, which significantly increases its binding affinity and potency.
Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action
ADB-FUBINACA acts as a full agonist at both CB₁ and CB₂ receptors of the endocannabinoid system. Its binding affinity to CB₁ is exceptionally high (with Ki values in the low nanomolar range), making it far more potent than Δ9-THC (the primary psychoactive compound in cannabis).
Effects typically observed include:
Intense psychoactive response
Rapid onset of sedation and euphoria
Altered perception and mood
Anxiety, confusion, or paranoia
Loss of motor control
Potency comparison: ADB-FUBINACA is estimated to be 50–100 times more potent than THC, with effective doses in the microgram range, making precise dosage extremely difficult and increasing the risk of overdose.
Toxicology and Adverse Effects
Due to its high potency and full agonist action, ADB-FUBINACA has been linked to serious and sometimes fatal toxic reactions. Cases reported in emergency rooms and forensic toxicology labs include:
Seizures and convulsions
Cardiac arrhythmias and chest pain
Acute psychosis, hallucinations, or suicidal behavior
Muscle breakdown (rhabdomyolysis)
Respiratory depression
Coma and death
Numerous fatal intoxications involving ADB-FUBINACA have been documented, particularly when mixed into herbal smoking blends or consumed unknowingly.
Legal Status and Scheduling
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Given its significant public health risk, ADB-FUBINACA has been banned in many countries:
United States: Schedule I controlled substance
United Kingdom: Class B under the Misuse of Drugs Act
Canada: Listed as a Schedule II synthetic cannabinoid
EU Member States: Controlled individually or under blanket NPS regulations
Australia & New Zealand: Prohibited as a synthetic cannabinoid analogue
Its synthesis, sale, or possession is illegal in most jurisdictions, except for licensed forensic or scientific research.
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